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The Nile ((アラビア語:النيل), Eg. ''en-Nīl'', Std. ''an-Nīl''; , ''P(h)iaro''; Ancient Egyptian: ''Ḥ'pī'' and ''Iteru'') is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. It is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long. The Nile is an "international" river as its water resources are shared by eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.〔Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa Elsanabary〕 The Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile. The White Nile is considered to be the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile itself. The Blue Nile, however, is the source of most of the water and silt. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. It flows north through Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Uganda and South Sudan. The Blue Nile ((アムハラ語:ዓባይ), ''ʿĀbay''〔BGN/PCGN. "(Romanization System for Amharic )". 1967. Hosted at the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, 2013. Accessed 28 Feb 2014.〕〔See also: .〕) begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia〔The river's outflow from that lake occurs at 〕 and flows into Sudan from the southeast. The two rivers meet near the Sudanese capital of Khartoum. The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Sudanese desert to Egypt, then ends in a large delta and empties into the Mediterranean Sea. Egyptian civilization and Sudanese kingdoms have depended on the river since ancient times. Most of the population and cities of Egypt lie along those parts of the Nile valley north of Aswan, and nearly all the cultural and historical sites of Ancient Egypt are found along riverbanks. In the ancient Egyptian language, the Nile is called ''Ḥ'pī'' or ''Iteru'', meaning "river", represented by the hieroglyphs shown on the left (literally ''itrw'', and 'waters' determinative). In Coptic, the words ''piaro'' (Sahidic) or ''phiaro'' (Bohairic) meaning "the river" (lit. p(h).iar-o "the.canal-great") come from the same ancient name. The English name ''Nile'' and the Arabic names ''en-Nîl'' and ''an-Nîl'' both derive from the Latin ''ラテン語:Nilus'' and the Ancient Greek .〔"Nile" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 11th ed., Vol. 19. 1911. Hosted at Wikisource.〕 Beyond that, however, the etymology is disputed.〔〔An overview is given by: Carles Múrcia (2006). ((ギリシア語:Νεῖλος) : El nom grec del riu Nil pot ser d’origen amazic? ) ''Aula Orientalis'' 24: 269-292〕 One possible etymology derives it from a Semitic ''Nahal'', meaning "river".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nile )〕 The standard English names "White Nile" and "Blue Nile", to refer to the river's source, derive from Arabic names formerly applied only to the Sudanese stretches which meet at Khartoum.〔 == Course == Above Khartoum the Nile is also known as the White Nile, a term also used in a limited sense to describe the section between Lake No and Khartoum. At Khartoum the river is joined by the Blue Nile. The White Nile starts in equatorial East Africa, and the Blue Nile begins in Ethiopia. Both branches are on the western flanks of the East African Rift. The drainage basin of the Nile covers , about 10% of the area of Africa.〔(EarthTrends: The Environmental Information Portal ) 〕 The Nile basin is complex, and because of this, the discharge at any given point along the mainstem depends on many factors including weather, diversions, evaporation and evapotranspiration, and groundwater flow. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nile」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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